A historical site about early London coffee houses and taverns and will also link to my current pub history site and also the London street directory
TURK'S HEAD COFFEE HOUSE IN CHANGE ALLEY.
From The Kingdom's Intelligencer, a weekly paper, published by authority, in
1662, we learn that there had just been opened a "new Coffee- house," with
the sign of the Turk's Head, where was sold by retail " the right
Coffee-powder," from 4s. to 6s. Sd. per pound ; that pounded in a mortar,
2s. ; East India berry, Is. 6d. ; and the right Turkie berry, well garbled,
at 3s. " The ungarbled for lesse, with directions how to use the same." Also
Chocolate at 2s. 6d. per pound ; the perfumed from 4s. to 10s.; " also,
Sherbets made in Turkie, of lemons, roses, and violets perfumed; and Tea, or
Chaa, according to its goodness. The house seal was Morat the Great.
Gentlemen customers and acquaintances are (the next New Year's Day) invited
to the sign of the Great Turk at this new Coffee-house, where Coffee will be
on free cost." The sign was also Morat the Great. Morat figures as a tyrant
in Dryden's Aurung Zebe. There is a token of this house, with the Sultan's
head, in the Beaufoy collection.
Another token, in the same collection, is of unusual excellence, probably by
John Roettier. It has on the obverse, Morat y e Great Men did mee call, —
Sultan's head ; reverse, Where eare I came I conquered all. —
In the field, Coffee, Tobacco, Sherbet, Tea, Chocolat, Retail in Exchange
Alee. " The word Tea," says Mr. Burn, "occurs on no other tokens than
those issued from ' the Great Turk ' Coffee-house, in Exchange Alley;" in
one of its advertisements, 1662, tea is from 6s. to 60^. a pound.
Competition arose. One Constantine Jennings in Threadneedle-street, over
against St. Christopher's Church, advertised that coffee, chocolate,
sherbet, and tea, the right Turkey berry, may be had as cheap and as good of
him as is any where to be had for money ; and that people may there be
taught to prepare the said liquors gratis.
Pepys, in his Diary, tells, Sept. 25, 1669, of his sending for " a cup of
Tea, a China Drink, he had not before tasted." Henry Bennet, Earl of
Arlington, about 1666, introduced tea at Court. And, in his Sir Charles
Sedley's Mulberry Garden, we are told that " he who wished to be considered
a man of fashion always drank wine-and-water at dinner, and a dish of tea
afterwards." These details are condensed from Mr. Burn's excellent Beaufoy
Catalogue. 2nd edition, 1855.
In Gerard- street, Soho, also, was another Turk's Head Coffee-house, where
was held a Turk's Head Society; in 1777, we find Gibbon writing to Garrick :
"At this time of year, (Aug. 14,) the Society of the Turk's Head can no
longer be addressed as a corporate body, and most of the individual members
are probably dispersed : Adam Smith in Scotland ; Burke in the shades of
Beaconsfield; Fox, the Lord or the devil knows where."
This place was a kind of head-quarters for the Loytil Association during the
Rebellion of 1745.
Here was founded " The Literary Club," already described in Vol. I, pp.
204-219.
In 1753, several Artists met at the Turk's Head, and from thence, their
Secretary, Mr. F. M. Newton, dated a printed letter to the Artists to form a
select body for the Protection and Encouragement of Art. Another Society of
Artists met in Peter's-court, St. Martin's-lane, from the year 1739 to 1769.
After continued squabbles, which lasted for many years, the principal
Artists met together at the Turk's Head, where many others having joined
them, they petitioned the King (George III.) to become patron of a Koyal
Academy of Art. His Majesty consented ; and the new Society took a room in
Pall Mail, opposite to Market-lane, where they remained until the King, in
the year 1771, granted them apartments in Old Somerset House. — J. T. Smith.
The Turk's Head Coffee-house, No. 142, in the Strand, was a favourite
supping-house with Dr. Johnson and Boswell, in whose Life of Johnson are
several entries, commencing with 1763 — "At night, Mr. Johnson and I supped
in a private room at the Turk's Head Coffee house, in the Strand ; ' I
encourage this house/ said he, - for the mistress of it is a good civil
woman, and has not much business/ " Another entry is — " We concluded the
day at the Turk's Head Coffee-house very socially." And, August 3, 1673 —
""We had our last social meeting at the Turk's Head Coffee-house, before my
setting out for foreign parts."
The name was afterwards changed to "The Turk's Head, Canada and Bath
Coffee-house," and was a well frequented tavern and hotel : it was taken
down, and a very handsome lofty house erected upon the site, at the cost of,
we believe, eight thousand pounds; it was opened as a tavern and hotel, but
did not long continue.
At the Turk's Head, or Miles's Coffee-house, New Palace-yard, Westminster,
the noted Ttota Club met, founded by Harrington, in 1659 : where was a large
oval table, with a passage in the middle, for Miles to deliver his coffee.
(See Clubs, Vol. I., pp. 15, 16).
The 1829 Robsons directory places
Thomas Whitehead, at the Turks Head & Bath hotel, 142 Strand
References :
Lots of references are made to two sources on the
internet archive
:
Edward Callows, Old London Taverns &
John Timbs, Club life of London Volume 2
Trying to avoid privacy and cookie settings overwriting content